The Yumenguan Site Scenic Area is located on the bank of the Shule River, about 90 kilometers northwest of Dunhuang. It is located in the Gobi Desert and has a flat terrain around it. There is a Caohu Beach in the north and a section of the Great Wall running north and south directly connected to the "Yangguan" in the south. It is about 150 kilometers west of the eastern edge of Lop Nur and about 70 kilometers south of Hanyang Pass. The two passes are connected by a wall, forming a horn. In 1988, the Yumenguan Scenic Area was announced by the State Council as a national key cultural relic protection unit. In 2014, the site in the cultural route of "the starting section of the Silk Road-the road network of the Tianshan Corridor" was officially listed in the "World Cultural Heritage List" by UNESCO. The remains of the Yumenguan Site mainly include the Xiaofangpancheng Site, the Dafangpancheng Site, the Han Great Wall side wall and the beacon tower site (including 20 beacon towers and 18 sections of the Great Wall side wall site). It starts from Cangting Tower in the east and ends at Xianming Tower in the west. It is about 45 kilometers long from east to west and about 0.5 kilometers wide from north to south. The area is linearly distributed with the Xiaofangpancheng Site as the center. Now open to the public are Xiaofangpancheng, Dafangpancheng and the ruins of the Han Great Wall. Yumenguan, commonly known as Xiaofangpancheng, was built when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty opened the road to the Western Regions and set up the four counties in Hexi. The existing pass is square in shape, with well-preserved walls around it, built with rammed yellow clay, and two gates in the west and north. The wall is 10 meters high, 3 meters wide at the top and 5 meters wide at the bottom, with a wall on the top and a horse path at the bottom. It was once the throat of the Central Plains to the Western Regions during the Han and Jin Dynasties. The Han Great Wall is an important part of the military defense system of the Hexi region in the Han Dynasty, and it is also a historical microcosm of the Western Han Dynasty's construction of the entire northern defense project. The ruins of the Han Great Wall in the Danggusui section are the most complete section of the Han Great Wall preserved in my country. Hecangcheng, commonly known as "Dafangpancheng". Built in the Western Han Dynasty, it was an important military supply warehouse for the Great Wall's border defense and grain storage until the Wei and Jin Dynasties. Hecangcheng is built from south to north with rammed earth and is rectangular. It is about 132 meters long from east to west and about 17 meters wide from north to south. The highest point of the ruins is 9 meters. There are two walls in the north-south direction in the city, which divide it into three equal and parallel warehouses. Each warehouse has a door facing south. Most of the four walls have collapsed, and only the north wall is relatively intact. It is surrounded by grasslands and swamps on the east, west and north sides, and is protected by the Gobi Desert that is higher than the swamps on the south side. The location is dangerous, hidden and safe, and the site selection is extremely sophisticated. In recent years, the Yumenguan Ruins Scenic Area has been committed to the protection and display of the ruins. While promoting the construction of the scenic area's infrastructure, it has continuously improved the ability and level of reception of tourists, and strived to continue to work hard in the inheritance and promotion of Dunhuang's frontier culture; to contribute to the construction of Dunhuang as a famous cultural tourism city!
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Yangguan, located in Gudongtan, 70 kilometers southwest of Dunhuang City, Gansu Province. Established in the Western Han Dynasty, it was the gateway to the Western Regions at that time, together with Yumenguan, and a pass that must be passed on the southern route of the Silk Road. It is named because it is south of Yumenguan. There are many cultural relics and relics from the Han Dynasty, such as the ancient Yangguan site, Yangguan beacon tower, Yangguan ancient road, Shouchang city site, Han Great Wall wall site, Han Dynasty Wuwachi site, Xitugou (Tang Wuluojian) site, ancient tombs, and ancient pottery kilns in the Yangguan scenic area. In 2006, Yangguan was rated as a national AAAA-level tourist attraction. Yangguan has successively been awarded the honorary titles of Gansu Province Cultural Industry Demonstration Base, Jiuquan City Patriotism Education Base, Gansu Province Cultural and Museum Work Advanced Unit, Gansu Province Cultural Relics Protection Advanced Unit, and Gansu Province's First Batch of Cultural Heritage "Historical Reappearance" Demonstration Museums. Yangguan, first built in the 1st century BC during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty, was an important frontier pass and the earliest customs in China's Han and Tang Dynasties. In the sixth year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (111 BC), Jiuquan County was divided into Dunhuang County, and important passes were established, that is, "four counties and two passes" were set up in the Hexi Corridor. The four counties were Dunhuang, Jiuquan, Zhangye, and Wuwei, and the two passes were Yumen Pass and Yangguan. Dunhuang County had six counties under its jurisdiction, one of which was Longle. Both passes were important military towns in Longle, and were the seat of the governor, with soldiers stationed. Yumen Pass and Yangguan were connected by the Great Wall, and there were also city walls and beacon towers to the south of Yangguan. The two passes were located on the Great Wall. At that time, there were frequent exchanges with the Western Regions and countries in West Asia. Yumen Pass was used to travel north and Yangguan was used to travel south. The two passes controlled the throat of the north-south road of Tianshan Mountain, becoming a must-pass place on the Silk Road. In 1972, the Jiuquan area cultural relics survey team discovered a large-scale plank-built site. After trial excavation, even the ridges and canals were clearly visible, with a distribution area of ten square miles. The former site of Yangguan should be located here. In August 2003, Yangguan Museum opened to the public.
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